Legal Status of Forensic Veterinarian as a Subject of Forensic Science Activity in Context of the Latest Legislation of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.4.2022.04Keywords:
forensic veterinary examination; forensic veterinarian; forensic expert; legal status, rights, duties, prohibitions, restrictions, responsibility of forensic veterinarian; forensic science activity.Abstract
Legal status of a forensic expert as a subject of forensic science activity in the context of the latest legislation of Ukraine is studied. It has been proven that elements of legal status of forensic expert, provided for by civil, economic, administrative and criminal legislation of Ukraine, as well as by departmental regulatory legal acts, do not fully correlate with each other: they have different rights, obligations, prohibitions, restrictions and the legal responsibility of forensic expert, that can negatively affect implementation of the principles of forensic expert activity, in particular during forensic veterinary examination, as well as the provision of a substantiated, objective, reliable, correct and truthful expert conclusion. Amendments and additions to mentioned normative legal acts of Ukraine are proposed with the aim of unifying the legal status of forensic expert (regardless of type of legal proceedings and grounds for conducting a forensic examination) for more effective implementation of principles of forensic science activity. The research purpose: reveal the legal status of forensic veterinarian in the system of forensic expertise and to systematize his duties, rights, prohibitions and grounds for liability in the newest legal field of Ukraine. General and special scientific methods of research (analysis, synthesis, analogy; modeling; formal-logical; logical-grammatical; statistical; comparative-legal; legal analysis) were used to achieve the goal.
References
Alieksieieva, N. Yu. (2017). Kryminalna vidpovidalnist za zlochyny proty pravosuddia, shcho vchyniaiutsia svidkamy, ekspertamy, perekladachamy abo shchodo nykh [Criminal liability for crimes against justice committed by or in relation to witnesses, experts, translators]: dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv. URL: https://dspace.lvduvs. edu.ua/bitstream/1234567890/3501/1/ alekseeva_d.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Biedermann, A., Kotsoglou, K. N. (2018). Decisional Dimensions in Expert Witness Testimony — A Structural Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 31. Is. 9. DOI: 10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.02073.
Bilozorov, Ye. V., Vlasenko, V. P., Horova, O. B., Zavalnyi, A. M., Zaiats, N. V. ta in. (2017). Teoriia derzhavy ta prava [Theory of State and Law]: navch. posib. / za zah. red. S. D. Husarieva, O. D. Tykhomyrova. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Butyrska, I. A. (2018). Pravovyi status eksperta z pytan prava u hospodarskomu protsesi [Legal status of an expert on legal issues in economic process]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho universytetu. Seriia «Pravo». Vyp. 48. T. 1. URL: https://lexadvance. com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/7-Butyrska_Legal_expert.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Cooper, J. E., Cooper, M. (2021). Veterinary involvement in forensic medicine. Veterinary Record. Vol. 189. Is. 6. DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1004.
Demydova, Ye. Ye., Domashenko, O. M., Kolesnikova, I. A., Latysh, K. V. (2022). Sudovyi ekspert yak subiekt sudovo-ekspertnoi diialnosti: pravovyi status [Forensic expert as a subject of forensic science activity: legal status]. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal. № 5. DOI: 10.32782/2524-0374/2022-5/132 [in Ukrainian].
Dudych, A. V. (2017). Ekspert yak uchasnyk kryminalnoho provadzhennia [Expert as a participant in criminal proceedings]: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Odesa [in Ukrainian].
Dufeniuk, O. M. (2018). Ekspertyza u krymi-nalnomu provadzhenni za zakonodavstvom Ukrainy ta Polshchi: porivnialne doslidzhennia [Forensic science in criminal proceedings under the laws of Ukraine and Poland: comparative research]: monohrafiia. Lviv. URL: http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/bi tstream/1234567890/3601/1/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8 0%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F%20%D0%94%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0 %BD%D1%8E%D0%BA%20%D0%BC%D0-% B 0 % D 0 % BA % D 0 % B 5 % D 1 % 8 2 % 2 0 %D0%925-28.10.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Eastwood, J., Caldwell, J. (2015). Educating Jurors about Forensic Evidence: Using an Expert Witness and Judicial Instructions to Mitigate the Impact of Invalid Forensic Science Testimony. Journal of Forensic Sciences. Vol. 60. Is. 6. DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12832.
Gramond, V. (2020). Quelle responsabilité pour l’expert? Annales Medico-Psychologiques. Vol. 178. Is. 2. DOI: 10.1016/j. amp.2020.01.001.
Halushko, A. V. (2017). Ekspert yak uchasnyk kryminalnoho provadzhennia: teoretychnyi aspekt [Expert as a participant in criminal proceedings: theoretical aspect]. Pravo i suspilstvo. № 5. URL: http://pravoisuspilstvo. org.ua/archive/2017/5_2017/part_1/42.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Hill, M. A., Pokines, J. T. (2022). Comparative analysis of fetal pig decomposition processes in burials of variable depths and wrapping. Journal of Forensic Sciences. Vol. 67. Is. 6. DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15120.
Hrabovska, O., Vilinskyi, M. (2021). Ekspert u tsyvilnomu sudochynstvi [Expert in civil proceedings]. Pidpryiemnytstvo, hospodarstvo i pravo. № 1. DOI: 10.32849/2663-5313/2021.1.01 [in Ukrainian].
Hrosheva, O. Yu. (2021). Orhanizatsiino-pravovi, zahalno-metodychni zasady kompleksnoi sudovoi bioloho-trasolohichnoi ekspertyzy ta yii otsinka sudom [Organizational-legal, general-methodical principles of complex forensic biological-trasological examination and its assessment by the court]: dys. … d-ra filos. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Ivanov, A. V. (2009). Ekspert u provadzhenni u spravakh pro administratyvni pravoporushennia [Expert in proceedings on administrative offenses]: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Kliuiev, O. M. (2018). Protsesualni pytannia sudovoi ekspertyzy v administratyvnomu sudochynstvi [Procedural issues of forensic examination in administrative proceedings]. Visnyk Odeskoho naukovo-doslidnoho instytutu sudovykh ekspertyz. Vyp. 3. URL: http://ondise.od.ua/DOC/ vipusk3/pitannyasudovoiexpertizivadmins udo4instvi.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Kliuiev, O. M. (2020). Reformuvannia bazovoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy z pytan ekspertnoho zabezpechennia pravosuddia — nahalna potreba chasu [Reforming the basic legislation of Ukraine on expert support of justice is an urgent need of time]. Problemy reformuvannia bazovoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy z pytan ekspertnoho zabezpechennia pravosuddia : mat-ly kruhl. stolu. (Kharkiv, 06—07.02.2020). Kharkiv. URL: https://www. hniise.gov.ua/user_files/File/other/13%20 %D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0% B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B5% D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Kovalevska, Ye. V. (2018). Vykorystannia spetsialnykh medychnykh znan pid chas rozsliduvannia zlochyniv [Use of special medical knowledge during the investigation of crimes]: dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Kravchenko, O. A. (2015). Vydy yurydychnoi vidpovidalnosti sudovoho eksperta v Ukraini [Types of Legal Responsibility Court Expert in Ukraine]. Pravo ta derzhavne upravlinnia. № 2 (19). URL: http://pdu-journal.kpu.zp.ua/archive/2_2015/16.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Kravchuk, V. V., Kravchuk, O. V., Turovets, Yu. M. (2015). Zastosuvannia sudovo-veterynarnoi ekspertyzy pid chas rozkryttia ta rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen [Application of forensic veterinary examination during the disclosure and investigation of criminal offenses]. Kryminalistychnyi visnyk. № 2 (24). URL: https://visnyk.dndekc.mvs.gov.ua/index.php/visnuk/issue/view/27/ISSN%201992-4437%20%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D 0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20 %D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BD%D0-%B8%D0%BA%202%20%2824%29%202015 [in Ukrainian].
Lesting, W. (2021). Das Delegationsverbot des gerichtlichen Sachverständigen. Recht & Psychiatrie. Vol. 39. Is. 1. DOI: 10.1486/RP-2021-01_4 [in German].
Maksymiv, L. V. (2020). Protsesualnyi status eksperta u kryminalnomu provadzhenni: okremi aspekty [Procedural status of an expert in criminal proceedings: certain aspects]. Porivnialno-analitychne pravo. № 2. URL: https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/ handle/lib/35561 [in Ukrainian].
Mazzante, N. M. G., de Camargo, B. W. D. F., de Sanctis, P., Fogaca, J. L., de Campos Vettorato, M., Tremori, T. M., Babboni, S. D., de Vasconcelos Machado, V. M., Rocha, N. S. (2020). Post-mortem analysis of injuries by incomplete hanging in dog (Canis familiaris) through radiographs and forensic necropsy. Forensic Imaging. Vol. 20. DOI: 10.1016/j.FRI.2019.100350.
Mykhailov, V. O. (2017). Reformuvannia sudovo-ekspertnoho zabezpechennia pravosuddia v Ukraini [Reforming judicial and expert support of justice in Ukraine]. Pravo i suspilstvo. № 6. Ch. 2. URL: http://pravoisuspilstvo.org.ua/ archive/2017/6_2017/part_2/34.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Nesterenko, S. D., Stulov, O. O. (2020). Pravovyi status sudovoho eksperta: aktualni problemy rehlamentatsii [Legal status of a forensic expert: actual problems of regulation]. Kryminalistyka i sudova ekspertyza. Vyp. 65. DOI: 10.33994/ kndise.2020.65.08 [in Ukrainian].
Ostropilets, A. V. (2018). Pryntsypy administratyvno-pravovoho rehuliuvannia sudovo-ekspertnoi diialnosti v Ukraini [Principles of administrative-legal regulation of forensic sccience activity in Ukraine]. Prykarpatskyi yurydychnyi visnyk. Vyp. 1 (22). T. 3. URL: http://www.pjv.nuoua. od.ua/v1-3_2018.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Panchyshyn, A. V. (2010). Poniattia, oznaky ta struktura katehorii «pravovyi status» [Concept, specifics and structure of legal status category]. Chasopys Kyivskoho universytetu prava. № 2. URL: http://dspace. nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/23529 [in Ukrainian].
Satiani, B. (2006). Expert witness testimony: rules of engagement. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. Vol. 40. Is. 3. DOI: 10.1177/153857440604000307.
Shapiro, V. S. (2018). Problemni aspekty uchasti eksperta v tsyvilnomu protsesi [The problem aspects of expert participation in the civil process]. Pravovi horyzonty. Vyp. 13 (26). URL: http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/ handle/123456789/8356 [in Ukrainian].
Shcherbakovskyi, M. H. (2015). Provedennia ta vykorystannia sudovykh ekspertyz u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Conducting and using forensic examinations in criminal proceedings]: monohrafiia. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Shcherbaniuk, D. V. (2019). Teoriia ta praktyka realizatsii ekspertnoi initsiatyvy u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Theory and practice of implementation of expert initiative in criminal proceedings]: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Shepitko, V., Shepitko, M. (2021). Doktryna kryminalistyky ta sudovoi ekspertyzy: formuvannia, suchasnyi stan i rozvytok v Ukraini [Doctrine of criminalistics and forensic examination: formation, current state and development in Ukraine]. Pravo Ukrainy. № 8. DOI: 10.33498/louu-2021- 08-012 [in Ukrainian].
Sherstiuk, V. M. (2008). Pryntsypy sudovo-ekspertnoi diialnosti [Principles of forensic science activity]. Teoriia ta praktyka sudovoi ekspertyzy i kryminalistyky. Vyp. 8. URL: https://www.hniise.gov.ua/user_files/File/ files/2008.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Shulzhenko, A. V. (2016). Protsesualnyi status i osoblyvosti protsesualnoi diialnosti eksperta y spetsialista [Procedural status and features of procedural activity of the expert and specialist]. Naukovyi visnyk mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Yurysprudentsiia. Vyp. 19. URL: http:// nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nvmgu_jur_2016_19_36 [in Ukrainian].
Simakova-Yefremian, E. B. (2016). Kompleksni sudovo-ekspertni doslidzhennia: teoriia ta praktyka [Multidisciplinary forensic expert researches: theory and practice]: monohrafiia. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Simakova-Yefremian, E. B. (2017). Do pytannia pro normatyvno-pravove rehuliuvannia sudovo-ekspertnoi diialnosti v umovakh sudovoi reformy v Ukraini. Aktualni pytannia sudovoi ekspertyzy i kryminalistyky : mat-ly kruhl. stolu z nahody 100-rich. vid dnia narodzh. prof. M. V. Saltevskoho (Kharkiv, 30.10.2017). Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Simakova-Yefremian, E. B. (2020). Shchodo neobkhidnosti reformuvannia bazovoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy pro ekspertne zabezpechennia pravosuddia [Regarding the need to reform the basic legislation of Ukraine on forensic science support to justice]. Problemy reformuvannia bazovoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy z pytan ekspertnoho zabezpechennia pravosuddia : mat-ly kruhl. stolu. (Kharkiv, 06—07.02.2020). Kharkiv. URL: https://www.hniise.gov.ua/user_files/File/other/13%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1% 81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20 %D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1% 82%D1%8C.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Stern, A. W., Ewen, B. Mc., McDonough, S. P., Viner, T., Brooks, J. W., Kagan, R., Brower, A. (2021). Veterinary forensic pathology standards. Journal of Forensic Sciences. Vol. 66. Is. 3. DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14683.
Surzhan, B. P. (2018). Yurydychna vidpovidalnist sudovoho eksperta u svitli sudovoi reformy [Legal liability of a forensic expert in the light of the judicial reform]. Kryminalistychnyi visnyk. № 2 (30). DOI: 10.37025/1992-4437/2018-30-2-46 [in Ukrainian].
Sydorenko, L. O. (2015). Shchodo prava eksperta na redahuvannia postavlenykh yomu zapytan [On the right of forensic expert to edit posed questions]. Kryminalistychnyi visnyk. № 2 (24). URL: http://elar.naiau. kiev.ua/bitstream/123456789/1900/1/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80 %D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%20 %D0%9B.%D0%9E.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Tkachenko, N. M. (2017). Subiekty sudovo-ekspertnoi diialnosti v suchasnii systemi ekspertnoho zabezpechennia kryminalnoho provadzhennia [Subjects of forensic science activity in modern system of expert support of criminal proceedings]: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Tkachenko, N. N. (2016). Pravovoi status subjektov sudebno-ekspertnoi deiatelnosty v uholovnom proyzvodstve [Legal status of subjects of forensic expert activity in criminal proceedings]. Verkhovenstvo prava : mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. zhurn. № 3. URL: http://sd-vp.info/wp-content/ uploads/2020/11/vp_2016_3-2.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Uhrovetskyi, O. P. (2017). Rehlamentatsiia pravovoho statusu sudovoho eksperta v administratyvnomu sudochynstvi [Regulation of the legal status of a forensic expert in administrative proceedings]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia «Pravo». Vyp. 43. T. 3. URL: https:// journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/ viewByFileId/496424.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Verba-Sydor, O. B., Krupko, V. I. (2014). Propozytsii shchodo vdoskonalennia pravovoho statusu eksperta u tsyvilnomu sudochynstvi [Proposals concerning improvement of the legal status of an expert in civil proceedings]. Naukovyi visnyk Lvivskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav. Seriia yurydychna. Vyp. 3. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ Nvlduvs_2014_3_10 [in Ukrainian].
Watson, E., Baucom, K. J. (2020). Two case studies in veterinary forensic imaging and a brief literature review. Forensic Imaging. Vol. 21. DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200382.
Yevdokimenko, S. V. (2016). Sudovo-ekonomichna ekspertyza: teoretyko-metodolohichni zasady i praktyka realizatsii [Forensic economic examination: theoretical and methodological foundations and implementation practice]: avtoref. dys. … d-ra yuryd. nauk. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Zaiats, O., Skrynkovskyi, R. (2019). Problemni aspekty uchasti eksperta u tsyvilnomu sudochynstvi Ukrainy [Problematic Aspects of Expert Participation in the Civil Procedure of Ukraine]. Traektoriâ Nauki = Path of Science. Vol. 5. No 9. DOI: 10.22178/ pos.50-3 [in Ukrainian].
