Інтеграція віртуальної реконструкції у кримінальний процес України (на прикладі слідчого експерименту)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2026.03Ключові слова:
кримінальне провадження; слідчий експеримент; віртуальна реконструкція; VSIE; 3D-моделювання; цифрові докази; воєнний стан; кримінальний процес; доказування.Анотація
Мета — провести порівняльно-правовий аналіз інституту реконструкції подій кримінального правопорушення та науково обґрунтувати доцільність впровадження в український кримінальний процес віртуального ситуаційного слідчого експерименту як нового стандарту наукової надійності й метричної точності доказування. Для досягнення поставленої мети застосовано загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи наукового пізнання (порівняльно-правовий, формально-юридичний, прогнозування, моделювання, системно-структурний, аналіз і синтез). Актуалізовано проблему обмеженості проведення традиційного слідчого експерименту в умовах воєнного стану, що зумовлено руйнуванням матеріальної обстановки й небезпечним доступом до місць подій. Обґрунтовано переваги 3D-технологій (LiDAR, фотограмметрія) для створення метрично точних цифрових моделей місця події, що забезпечують перехід від суб’єктивного сприйняття до алгоритмічної верифікації. Доведено доцільність використання 3D-моделей як додатка до протоколу слідчої дії. Зроблено висновок, що цифрова трансформація доказування є провідним етапом модернізації правосуддя, що поєднує технічну точність із процесуальною справедливістю.
Посилання
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Baranchuk, V. V. (2020). 3D skanuvannia yak sposib fiksatsii na mistsi zlochynu: perevahy y nedoliky [3D Scanning as a way of fixing a crime scene: Advantages and disadvantages]. Yurydychnyi biuleten. Vyp. 16. DOI: 10.32850/LB2414-4207.2020.16.01 [in Ukrainian].
Bricken, M. (1991). Virtual Reality Learning Environments: Potentials and Сhallenges. ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics. Vol. 25. Is. 3. DOI: 10.1145/126640.126657.
Carew, R. M., French, J., Morgan, R. M. (2021). 3D Forensic science: A new field integrating 3D imaging and 3D printing in crime reconstruction. Forensic Science International: Synergy. Vol. 3. Art. 100205. DOI: 10.1016/j. fsisyn.2021.100205.
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Forensic Crime Scene Reconstruction, Virtual Reality (2018) / NCAVF : web. URL: https://ncavf. com/what-we-do/crime-scene-reconstruction/.
Hazan, R., Cassuto, Th. (2009). La reconstitution en procédure pénale. Intérêts et principes généraux. Experts. No. 86, Oct. URL: https:// cejpcar.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ RE_PUB_86-Hazan-Cassuto.pdf [in France].
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Kovalenko, A. V. (2024). Kryminalistychne vchennia pro zbyrannia, doslidzhennia ta vykorystannia dokaziv u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Criminalistic doctrine on the collection, examination, and use of evidence in criminal proceedings] : monohrafiia. Kyiv. URL: https://rep.dnuvs.ukr.education/server/api/ core/bitstreams/4bd5ad6e-849f-43ba-9772- 3023b1d75509/content [in Ukrainian].
Kovbasa, V. (2020). Orhanizatsiino-pidhotovchi zakhody do provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu [Organizational and preparatory measures for the investigative experiment]. Naukovyi visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav. № 3. DOI: 10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-174- 179 [in Ukrainian]. Kowbuz, D. (2020). How 3D scanning rebuilds crime scenes for courtrooms : Capturing crucial evidence to aid justice / Gim-international : web. May 13. URL: https://www. gim-international.com/content/article/ how-3d-scanning-rebuilds-crime-scenesfor-courtrooms.
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Kuntii, A. I. (2019). Taktyka slidchoho eksperymentu pid chas rozsliduvannia umysnoho vbyvstva, vchynenoho v stani sylnoho dushevnoho khvyliuvannia [Tactics of investigative experimentation during the investigation of intentional murder committed in a state of intense emotional distress]. Porivnialno-analitychne pravo. № 4. URL: https://pap-journal.in.ua/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/PAP_4_2019.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Lepei, M. V., Lepei, O. V. (2024). Kryminalistychne zabezpechennia provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu pid chas rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen proty moralnosti [Forensic support for conducting an investigative experiment during the investigation of criminal offenses against morality]. Visnyk kryminolohichnoi asotsiatsii Ukrainy. № 1 (31). DOI: 10.32631/ vca.2024.1.62 [in Ukrainian].
Malanchuk, P. M. (2018). Pravova pryroda slidchoho eksperymentu [Legal nature of investigative experiment]. Pravovi horyzonty. № 9 (22). DOI: 10.21272/legalhorizons.2018. i9.p52 [in Ukrainian].
Maneli, M. A., Isafiade, O. E. (2022). 3D Forensic Crime Scene Reconstruction involving Immersive Technology: A Systematic Literature Revie. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Access. Vol. 10. DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3199437.
Negrebetskyi, V. (2019). Kryminalistychna rekonstruktsiia yak taktychnyi pryiom slidchoho eksperymentu [Criminal reconstruction as a tactical technique of investigative experimentation]. Pidpryiemnytstvo, hospodarstvo i pravo. № 6. DOI: 10.32849/2663- 5313/2019.6.59 [in Ukrainian].
Notowitz, D. (2023). Using 3D Scans and Modeling as Evidence in Court. Law Technology Today. Nov 08. URL: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/law_practice/resources/ law-technology-today/2023/using-3d-scansand-modeling-as-evidence-in-court/.
Pavliuk, N. V. (2019). Zastosuvannia 3D-modeliuvannia pid chas dopytu ta slidchoho eksperymentu [The use of 3D modeling during interrogation and investigative experiments]. Innovatsiini metody ta tsyfrovi tekhnolohii v kryminalistytsi, sudovii ekspertyzi ta yurydychnii praktytsi : mat-ly mizhnar. «kruhl. stolu» (Kharkiv, 12.12.2019). Kharkiv. URL: https://surl.lt/hvpxah [in Ukrainian].
Shcherbakovskyi, M. H. (2023). Slidchyi eksperyment pry rozsliduvanni znyshchennia abo poshkodzhennia maina [An investigative experiment in the destruction or damage to property investigation]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav. № 2 (101). Ch. 1. DOI: 10.32631/v.2023.2.29 [in Ukrainian].
Stratonov, V. M. (2024). Slidchyi eksperyment u systemi kryminalistychnykh znan [Investigative experiment in the system of forensic knowledge]. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriia: Yurydychni nauky. Vyp. 1. DOI: 10.32999/ ksu2307-8049/2024-1-3 [in Ukrainian].
Svoboda, Ye. Yu., Yusupov, V. V., Mykhalchuk, T. V. (2025). Teoretychni ta praktychni aspekty 3D-skanuvannia pid chas rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen (ohliadova stattia) [Theoretical and practical aspects of 3D scanning during criminal offense investigation (review article)]. Yevropeiskyi pravnychyi chasopys. Vyp. 6, 7. DOI: 10.36919/3041-1149(Print).6-7.2025.202-209 [in Ukrainian].
Valchyshyn, H. I. (2021). Orhanizatsiino-taktychni osoblyvosti provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu pry rozsliduvanni dorozhno-transportnykh pryhod [Оrganizational and tactical features of the investigative experiment during the investigation of a traffic accident] : dys. … d-ra philos. v haluzi prava. Dnipro. URL: https:// dduvs.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/files/Structure/science/rada/df017/d.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Varlakhov, V., Sviderskyi, O., Mitunevichus, V. (2022). Specialist’s Participation in Crime Scene Reconstruction for Investigating Circumstances of Traffic Collision Occurred in the Dark. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics. № 3(28). DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2022.07.
Velyka ukrainska yurydychna entsyklopediia [The Great Ukrainian Legal Encyclopedia] (2018). U 20 t. T. 20 : Kryminalistyka, sudova ekspertyza, yurydychna psykholohiia / redkol.: V. Yu. Shepitko ta in. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Villa, Ch., Lynnerup, N., Jacobsen, Ch. (2023). A Virtual, 3D Multimodal Approach to Victim and Crime Scene Reconstruction. Diagnostics. Art. 13(17):2764. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172764.
Yukhno, O. O. (2023). Osoblyvosti provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu v dosudovomu rozsliduvanni vbyvstv, pov’iazanykh z nasylstvom u sim’i [Features of conducting an investigative examination in the pre-trial investigation of homicides involving domestic violence]. Pravo.ua. № 2. DOI: 10.32782/ LAW.UA.2023.2.11 [in Ukrainian].
Balytskyi, T. M. (2015). Slidchyi eksperyment v systemi slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii u kryminalnomu provadzhenni Ukrainy [Investigative experiment in system of investigative (search) actions in criminal proceedings of Ukraine] : avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Irpin. URL: https://dspace.nlu.edu. ua/bitstream/123456789/16881/1/BALITSKY-2015.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Baranchuk, V. V. (2020). 3D skanuvannia yak sposib fiksatsii na mistsi zlochynu: perevahy y nedoliky [3D Scanning as a way of fixing a crime scene: Advantages and disadvantages]. Yurydychnyi biuleten. Vyp. 16. DOI: 10.32850/LB2414-4207.2020.16.01 [in Ukrainian].
Bricken, M. (1991). Virtual Reality Learning Environments: Potentials and Сhallenges. ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics. Vol. 25. Is. 3. DOI: 10.1145/126640.126657.
Carew, R. M., French, J., Morgan, R. M. (2021). 3D Forensic science: A new field integrating 3D imaging and 3D printing in crime reconstruction. Forensic Science International: Synergy. Vol. 3. Art. 100205. DOI: 10.1016/j. fsisyn.2021.100205.
Chornous, Yu. (2025). Taktyka slidchoho eksperymentu za osoblyvoho rezhymu kryminalnoho provadzhennia v umovakh voiennoho stanu [Tactics of investigative experiment under a special regime of criminal proceedings under martial law]. Pravookhoronna diialnist v umovakh voiennoho stanu : mat-ly Vseukr. nauk.-prakt. seminaru (Ivano-Frankivsk, 21.10.2025). Ivano-Frankivsk. URL: https://surl.li/qfckrh [in Ukrainian].
Danich, Ye. O. (2018). Vykorystannia spetsialnykh znan pid chas provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu [Use of special knowledge during the performance of investigative experiment] : dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv. URL: https://elar.navs.edu.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/025fac7a-69a3-45dc-91a5-2f227acdd6a3/content [in Ukrainian].
Dufeniuk, O. M. (2024). Maibutnie 3D kryminalistyky: innovatsii, yaki zminiuiut praktyku dosudovoho rozsliduvannia [The future of 3D forensics: innovations that are changing the practice of pre-trial investigation]. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal. № 3. DOI: 10.32782/2524-0374/2024-3/110 [in Ukrainian].
Flor, N. V. (2011). Technology Corner: Virtual Crime Scene Reconstruction: The Basics of 3D Modeling. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law. Vol. 6. N. 4. Art. 6. DOI: 10.15394/jdfsl.2011.1108.
Forensic Crime Scene Reconstruction, Virtual Reality (2018) / NCAVF : web. URL: https://ncavf. com/what-we-do/crime-scene-reconstruction/.
Hazan, R., Cassuto, Th. (2009). La reconstitution en procédure pénale. Intérêts et principes généraux. Experts. No. 86, Oct. URL: https:// cejpcar.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ RE_PUB_86-Hazan-Cassuto.pdf [in France].
Kolomiiets, V. V. (2024). Metodyka rozsliduvannia porushennia pravyl bezpeky dorozhnoho rukhu abo ekspluatatsii transportu osobamy, yaki keruiut transportnymy zasobamy [Methodology for the investigation of violations of road safety rules or transport operation by persons driving vehicles] : dys. … d-ra philos. v haluzi prava. Kropyvnytskyi. URL: https://dnuvs.ukr.education/wp-content/ uploads/2024/12/dysertacziya_kolomiyecz. pdf [in Ukrainian].
Kovalenko, A. V. (2024). Kryminalistychne vchennia pro zbyrannia, doslidzhennia ta vykorystannia dokaziv u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Criminalistic doctrine on the collection, examination, and use of evidence in criminal proceedings] : monohrafiia. Kyiv. URL: https://rep.dnuvs.ukr.education/server/api/ core/bitstreams/4bd5ad6e-849f-43ba-9772- 3023b1d75509/content [in Ukrainian].
Kovbasa, V. (2020). Orhanizatsiino-pidhotovchi zakhody do provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu [Organizational and preparatory measures for the investigative experiment]. Naukovyi visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav. № 3. DOI: 10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-174- 179 [in Ukrainian]. Kowbuz, D. (2020). How 3D scanning rebuilds crime scenes for courtrooms : Capturing crucial evidence to aid justice / Gim-international : web. May 13. URL: https://www. gim-international.com/content/article/ how-3d-scanning-rebuilds-crime-scenesfor-courtrooms.
Kryminalistyka [Criminalistics] (2018) : pidruchnyk. U 2 t. T. 1 / za zah. red. A. F. Volobuieva, R. L. Stepaniuka, V. O. Maliarovoi. Kharkiv. URL: https://fpk.in.ua/images/biblioteka/4bac_pravo/Kryminalistyka_Pidruchnyk_Tom-1_Kharkiv_2018. pdf [in Ukrainian].
Kuntii, A. I. (2019). Taktyka slidchoho eksperymentu pid chas rozsliduvannia umysnoho vbyvstva, vchynenoho v stani sylnoho dushevnoho khvyliuvannia [Tactics of investigative experimentation during the investigation of intentional murder committed in a state of intense emotional distress]. Porivnialno-analitychne pravo. № 4. URL: https://pap-journal.in.ua/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/PAP_4_2019.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Lepei, M. V., Lepei, O. V. (2024). Kryminalistychne zabezpechennia provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu pid chas rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen proty moralnosti [Forensic support for conducting an investigative experiment during the investigation of criminal offenses against morality]. Visnyk kryminolohichnoi asotsiatsii Ukrainy. № 1 (31). DOI: 10.32631/ vca.2024.1.62 [in Ukrainian].
Malanchuk, P. M. (2018). Pravova pryroda slidchoho eksperymentu [Legal nature of investigative experiment]. Pravovi horyzonty. № 9 (22). DOI: 10.21272/legalhorizons.2018. i9.p52 [in Ukrainian].
Maneli, M. A., Isafiade, O. E. (2022). 3D Forensic Crime Scene Reconstruction involving Immersive Technology: A Systematic Literature Revie. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Access. Vol. 10. DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3199437.
Negrebetskyi, V. (2019). Kryminalistychna rekonstruktsiia yak taktychnyi pryiom slidchoho eksperymentu [Criminal reconstruction as a tactical technique of investigative experimentation]. Pidpryiemnytstvo, hospodarstvo i pravo. № 6. DOI: 10.32849/2663- 5313/2019.6.59 [in Ukrainian].
Notowitz, D. (2023). Using 3D Scans and Modeling as Evidence in Court. Law Technology Today. Nov 08. URL: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/law_practice/resources/ law-technology-today/2023/using-3d-scansand-modeling-as-evidence-in-court/.
Pavliuk, N. V. (2019). Zastosuvannia 3D-modeliuvannia pid chas dopytu ta slidchoho eksperymentu [The use of 3D modeling during interrogation and investigative experiments]. Innovatsiini metody ta tsyfrovi tekhnolohii v kryminalistytsi, sudovii ekspertyzi ta yurydychnii praktytsi : mat-ly mizhnar. «kruhl. stolu» (Kharkiv, 12.12.2019). Kharkiv. URL: https://surl.lt/hvpxah [in Ukrainian].
Shcherbakovskyi, M. H. (2023). Slidchyi eksperyment pry rozsliduvanni znyshchennia abo poshkodzhennia maina [An investigative experiment in the destruction or damage to property investigation]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav. № 2 (101). Ch. 1. DOI: 10.32631/v.2023.2.29 [in Ukrainian].
Stratonov, V. M. (2024). Slidchyi eksperyment u systemi kryminalistychnykh znan [Investigative experiment in the system of forensic knowledge]. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriia: Yurydychni nauky. Vyp. 1. DOI: 10.32999/ ksu2307-8049/2024-1-3 [in Ukrainian].
Svoboda, Ye. Yu., Yusupov, V. V., Mykhalchuk, T. V. (2025). Teoretychni ta praktychni aspekty 3D-skanuvannia pid chas rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen (ohliadova stattia) [Theoretical and practical aspects of 3D scanning during criminal offense investigation (review article)]. Yevropeiskyi pravnychyi chasopys. Vyp. 6, 7. DOI: 10.36919/3041-1149(Print).6-7.2025.202-209 [in Ukrainian].
Valchyshyn, H. I. (2021). Orhanizatsiino-taktychni osoblyvosti provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu pry rozsliduvanni dorozhno-transportnykh pryhod [Оrganizational and tactical features of the investigative experiment during the investigation of a traffic accident] : dys. … d-ra philos. v haluzi prava. Dnipro. URL: https:// dduvs.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/files/Structure/science/rada/df017/d.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Varlakhov, V., Sviderskyi, O., Mitunevichus, V. (2022). Specialist’s Participation in Crime Scene Reconstruction for Investigating Circumstances of Traffic Collision Occurred in the Dark. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics. № 3(28). DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2022.07.
Velyka ukrainska yurydychna entsyklopediia [The Great Ukrainian Legal Encyclopedia] (2018). U 20 t. T. 20 : Kryminalistyka, sudova ekspertyza, yurydychna psykholohiia / redkol.: V. Yu. Shepitko ta in. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Villa, Ch., Lynnerup, N., Jacobsen, Ch. (2023). A Virtual, 3D Multimodal Approach to Victim and Crime Scene Reconstruction. Diagnostics. Art. 13(17):2764. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172764.
Yukhno, O. O. (2023). Osoblyvosti provedennia slidchoho eksperymentu v dosudovomu rozsliduvanni vbyvstv, pov’iazanykh z nasylstvom u sim’i [Features of conducting an investigative examination in the pre-trial investigation of homicides involving domestic violence]. Pravo.ua. № 2. DOI: 10.32782/ LAW.UA.2023.2.11 [in Ukrainian].
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Опубліковано
2026-04-16
Як цитувати
Shcherbakovskyi, M., & Myroshnychenko, Y. (2026). Інтеграція віртуальної реконструкції у кримінальний процес України (на прикладі слідчого експерименту). Теорія та практика судової експертизи і криміналістики, 42(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2026.03
