Criminal Policy in the Field of Digital Counterpropaganda During the War
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.4.2023.06Keywords:
criminal policy; counteraction to criminal offenses; digital means of countering criminal offenses; propaganda; war propaganda.Abstract
Criminal policy in the field of digital countermeasures against propaganda during war involves propaganda definition and its forms at international and national levels. Detection of various propaganda forms, classified as criminal offenses that encroach on foundations of national security, public order and security, as well as peace and security of humanity and the international legal order, is extremely relevant today. The most dangerous form of propaganda is war propaganda. War propaganda is a separate criminal offense that affects peace and security of mankind and the international legal order. War propaganda is a criminal offence, similar to the crime of aggression and war crimes, which requires their distinction. Rapid technological development and expansion of the digital space dictate new trends that should be taken into account when forming a criminal policy in the field of digital counterpropaganda during wartime. The protection of national security and democratic values requires a balanced approach: the use of digital means should not violate the basic rights and freedoms of citizens. The study of criminal policy in the field of digital countermeasures against propaganda during the war was facilitated by the use of a complex of scientific methods: 1) logic one (for propaganda characterization of and its types, determination of digital means of countermeasures against this phenomenon); 2) philosophical (in order to find a philosophical basis for countering propaganda); 3) historical and legal one (during the analysis of the historical and legal experience of countering propaganda in wartime); 4) formal and logical one (for construction of criminal policy in the field of digital countermeasures to propaganda during wartime); 5) comparative legal one (when comparing the implementation of criminal policy in Ukraine and other States).
References
Denysiuk, Zh. Z. (2021). Propahanda ta kontrpropahanda v konteksti stratehii derzhavnoi informatsiinoi polityky [Propaganda and counter-propaganda in the context of state information policy strategies]. Vcheni zapysky TNU imeni V. I. Vernadskoho. Seriia: Derzhavne upravlinnia. T. 32 (71). № 2. DOI: 10.32838/TNU-2663-6468/2021.2/08 [in Ukrainian].
Dmytrashko, S. A. (2018). Stratehiia vplyvu na masovu svidomist u natsional-sotsialistychnii Nimechchyni [Strategy for influencing mass consciousness in National Socialist Germany]. Visnyk NTUU «KPI». Politolohiia. Sotsiolohiia. Pravo. Vyp. 2 (38). DOI: 10.20535/2308-5053.2018.2(38).152880 [in Ukrainian].
Henkerts, Zh.-M., Dosvald-Bek, L. (2006). Obychnoe mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo. T. 1. Normy [Customary International Humanitarian Law. Vol. 1. Norms]. Zheneva : MKKK. URL: https://www.icrc.org/ru/doc/assets/files/other/customary.pdf [in Russian].
Klepper, D. (2023). TikTok propaganda labels fall flat in ‘huge win’ for Russia / AP News. March 30, 2023. URL: https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-russia-propaganda-labels-ukraine-kremlin-china-88ecd866a2c34218ebbaccb45e435c12.
Koruts, U. Z. (2019). Poniattia propahandy viiny: istoryko-pravovyi aspekt [Concept of war propaganda: historical and legal aspect]. Pivdennoukrainskyi pravnychyi chasopys. № 4. Ch. 1. DOI: 10.32850/sulj.2019.4.1.26 [in Ukrainian].
Kurenkova, O. (2023). Natsysty prahnuly «velykoi Nimechchyny». Kreml — stvorennia «velykoi Rosii» koshtom Ukrainy — yuryst Predrah Doichynovych [The Nazis sought a “Greater Germany”. The Kremlin — creation of a “Great Russia” at the expense of Ukraine — lawyer Predrag Doychynovych] / Suspilne novyny. 09.01.2023. URL: https://suspilne.media/325738-nacisti-pragnuli-velikoi-nimeccini-kreml-stvorenna-velikoi-rosii-kostom-ukraini-urist-predrag-dojcinovic/ [in Ukrainian].
Leloup, D., Reynaud, F. (2023). Inside Vulkan, the digital weapons factory of Russians intelligence services / Le Monde. March 30, 2023. URL: https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/article/2023/03/30/inside-vulkan-the-digital-weapons-factory-of-russian-intelligence-services_6021230_13.html.
Melcer, N. (2016). Mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo. Obshij kurs [International humanitarian law. General Course] : sprav. izd. Zheneva : MKKK [in Russian].
Opryshko, L. (2022). Vidpovidalnist ZMI za henotsyd. Pryklad Ruandy [Responsibility of mass media for genocide. Example of Rwanda] / Journalism Teachers Academy. 20.07.2022. URL: https://www.jta.com.ua/trends/vidpovidalnist-zmi-za-henotsyd-pryklad-ruandy/ [in Ukrainian].
Propaganda, War Crimes Trials and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes (2012) ; ed. by P. Dojčinović. Routledge.
Ryan-Mosley, T. (2023). How generative AI is boosting the spread of disinformation and propaganda / MIT Technology Review. October 4, 2023. URL: https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/10/04/1080801/generative-ai-boosting-disinformation-and-propaganda-freedom-house/.
Saxon, D. (2012). Propaganda as a Crime Under International Humanitarian Law: Theories and Strategies for Prosecutors / Propaganda, War Crimes Trials and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes ; ed. by P. Dojčinović. Routledge.
