Forensic Expert Evaluation of Microcar Driver Actions in Case of Traffic Collision
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2023.10Keywords:
microcar; electric unicycle; motorized scooter; road user; traffic codes; traffic collision; forensic expert; road accident analysis.Abstract
Actions microcar drivers (electric unicycle, electric scooter, etc.) were analyzed with the aim of developing new regulatory approaches to conducting forensic research and providing a forensic expert conclusion on a traffic collision involving the person driving such a vehicle. The lack issue of a regulatory framework for operation of such means of transportation as unicycles on public roads is outlined, as well as the issue associated with the use of unicycles in public areas (in parks, playgrounds, sidewalks, etc.). The design of the unicycle is presented, the methods of its control are systematized, and a detailed list of equipment necessary for ensuring road traffic with microcar participation is offered. As an example, a part of the author's expert research on criminal proceedings to establish whether an electric scooter belongs to the category of vehicles in accordance with requirements of traffic codes in force in Ukraine is presented. This article purpose is to supplement the legislative framework of Ukraine with conditions and rules for driving microcars, as well as to determine functions of a person driving a unicycle while traffic collision. To achieve this goal, general scientific and special methods (formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction), special legal, system analysis) were used.
References
Abend, L. (2019). Cyclists and E-Scooters are Clashing in the Battle for Europe’s Streets. Time. URL: https://time.com/5659653/e-scooters-cycles-europe.
Aldred, R. (2018). Inequalities in self-report road injury risk in Britain: A new analysis of National Travel Survey data, focusing on pedestrian injuries. Journal of Transport & Health. Vol. 9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2018.03.006.
Bahk, E. (2019). Electric scooter accidents on the rise. The Korea Times. URL: https://m.korea-times.co.kr/pages/article.asp?newsIdx=277033.
Bassil, K., Rilkoff, H., Belmont, M., Banaszew-ska, A., Campbell, M. (2015). Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety in Toronto. Toronto Publis Health. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4477.1680.
Bellet, T., Banet, A. (2012). Towards a conceptu-al model of motorcyclists’ risk awareness: A comparative study of riding experience ef-fect on hazard detection and situational criti-cality assessment. Accident Analysis & Preven-tion. Vol. 49. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.10.007.
Bernardi, S., Rupi, F. (2015). An Analysis of Bicycle Travel Speed and Disturbances on Off-street and On-street Facilities. Transportation Research Procedia. Vol. 5. DOI: 10.1016/j. trpro.2015.01.004.
Choudhary, V., Shunko, M., Netessine, S., Koo, S. (2020). Nudging Drivers to Safety: Evidence from a Field Experiment. INSEAD Working Paper. No. 2020/28/TOM. DOI: 10.2139/ ssrn.3491302.
Fang, Sh.-Ch., Chang, I-Ch., Yu, T.-Yi. (2015). Assessment of the behavior and characteristics of electric scooter use on islands. Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol. 108. Part A. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.095.
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 mil-lion participants. The Lancet. Vol. 4. Is. 1. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2.
Hawkins, A. J. (2019). Lime’s electric scooters will be able to tell when you’re too drunk to ride /
Talking scooters and safety with co-founder Brad Bao. The Verge. URL: https://www.thev-erge.com/2019/4/17/18411127/lime-brad-bao-electric-scooter-drunk-detection-vergecast.
Hosking, S. G., Liu, Ch. C., Bayly, M. (2010). The visual search patterns and hazard responses of experienced and inexperienced motorcycle riders. Accident Analysis & Prevention. Vol. 42. Is. 1. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.07.023.
Lin, S., He, M., Tan, Yo. (2008). Comparison Study on Operating Speeds of Electric Bicycles and Bicycles: Experience from Field Investigation in Kunming, China. Transportation Research Record. Vol. 2048. Is. 1. DOI: 10.3141/2048-07.
Marshall, W. E., Ferenchak, N. N. (2019). Why cities with high bicycling rates are safer for all road users. Journal of Transport & Health. Vol. 13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2019.03.004.
O’Hern, S., Oxley, J. (2019). Pedestrian injuries due to collisions with cyclists Melbourne, Australia. Accident Analysis and Prevention. Vol. 122. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.10.018.
Pazzini, M., Cameli, L., Lantieri, C., Vignali, V., Dondi, G., Jonsson, T. (2022). New Micromobility Means of Transport: An Analysis of E-Scooter Users' Behaviour in Trondheim. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 19. Is. 12. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127374.
Teh, Ch., Wei, T. T. (2019). E-scooter that knocked into cyclist in fatal Bedok accident should not have been used on public paths: LTA. The Straits Times. URL: https://www.straitstimes. com/singapore/transport/e-scooter-that-knocked-into-65-year-old-cyclist-in-fatal-accident-was-non.
Underwood, G. (2007). Visual attention and the transition from novice to advanced driver. Ergonomics. Vol. 50. Is. 8. DOI: 10.1080/00140130701318707.
Xu, C., Li, Q., Qu, Zh., Tao, P. (2015). Modeling of speed distribution for mixed bicycle traffic flow. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Vol. 7. Is. 11. DOI: 10.1177/1687814015616918.
Yao, L., Wu, Ch. (2012). Traffic Safety for Electric Bike Riders in China: Attitudes, Risk Perception and Aberrant Riding Behaviors. Transportation Research Record. Vol. 2314. Is. 1. DOI: 10.3141/2314-07.
