Forensic Handwriting Analysis: Typical Mistakes at the Appointment Stage and Ways for Their Prevention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2026.14Keywords:
forensic science; forensic handwriting analysis; samples for comparative research; preparation for appointment of forensic examination; formulation of questions to forensic expert; forensic expert conclusion; typical mistakes of forensic expertAbstract
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the issues associated with definition of expert tasks and preparing materials for forensic handwriting examination as one of the most popular types of forensic research in legal proceedings. Research relevance due to significance of written documents as evidence and prevalence of cases of improper preparation of materials, incorrect formulation of questions to be resolved that significantly limits possibilities of expert examination of handwriting material or makes impossible to provide categorical conclusions. The purpose of this article is to analyze typical errors that arise at the stage of assigning forensic handwriting examination, and to provide recommendations on ways to increase the effectiveness of the use of this type of expert examination in the process of proving. The methodological basis of the research includes general scientific and special research methods: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, formal-logical, system-structural and comparative-legal approaches, as well as a method of generalizing investigative and expert practice. Requirements for the materials provided to a forensic expert have been systematized, scope of competence of a handwriting expert has been clarified, the need to use original documents as objects of research has been substantiated, and the issue of selecting free, conditionally free and experimental samples of handwriting and signature has been considered in detail. The scientific novelty of the research lies in comprehensive presentation of the relationship between the quality of preparation of materials and the evidentiary value of forensic expert conclusion, as well as in the formulation of practically oriented recommendations for ensuring the sufficiency, representativeness and informativeness of comparative materials. Practical significance of the study lies in the application of its conclusions and recommendations by investigators, prosecutors, lawyers and judges in order to optimize establishment of factual circumstances in judicial proceedings and prevent errors at the stage of involving forensic handwriting expert.
References
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Terminolohichnyi slovnyk z sudovoi pocherkoznavchoi ekspertyzy [Terminology dictionary from forensic handwriting examination] (2020) : zvit pro NDR (ostat.) / ker. V. S. Kostetskyi; vykon.: I. V. Bilous, I. P. Krasiuk, Ya. R. Poltavska, I. M. Tarasiuk, I. Yu. Riabenko, M. P. Molyboha, O. A. Humenskyi, O. O. Dovhan, N. S. Oliinyk, T. P. Kryvak, N. M. Baiurko. Reiestr. kod 0119U0001896. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
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Vorobiova, N. V. (2017). Pytannia pidhotovky porivnialnoho materialu pry pryznachenni sudovo-pocherkoznavchykh ekspertyz [Issues of preparation of comparative material in the appointment of forensic handwriting examination]. Suchasni tendentsii rozvytku kryminalistyky ta kryminalnoho protsesu : mat-ly nauk.-prakt. konf. (Kharkiv, 08.11.2017). Kharkiv. URL: https://univd.edu.ua/general/ publishing/konf/08_11_2017/pdf/28.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Yusupov, V. V., Svoboda, Ye. Yu., Shramko, O. M. ta in. (2023). Sudovo-pocherkoznavcha ekspertyza u kryminalnykh provadzhenniakh pro koruptsiini pravoporushennia [Forensic handwriting examination in criminal proceedings on corruption offenses] : metod. rek. Kyiv. URL: https://elar.navs.edu.ua/ server/api/core/bitstreams/0faad692- 1b82-4e60-9fe3-62977fda4986/content [in Ukrainian].
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Arotsker, L. E., Vul, S. M., Brodskaia, A. B., Gordeeva, G. N., Gruzkova, V. G. (1972). Neidentifikatsionnye issledovaniia v pocherkovedcheskoi ekspertize [Non-identifying researches in handwriting expertise]. Kiev. URL: https://studfile.net/preview/13607022/ [in Russian].
Boitsova, O. V., Bondar, M. Ye., Hrynenko, L. H., Dovzhenko, O. V. ta in. (2004). Udoskonalena systema zahalnykh ta okremykh oznak pocherku [Improved system of general and individual signs of handwriting] : metod. posib. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Bondar, M. Ye., Holovchenko, L. M., Lysenkova, V. V. ta in. (2001). Vstanovlennia kharakteru zbyvaiuchykh faktoriv pry doslidzhenni pidpysiv, shcho vykonani z porushenniam koordynatsii rukhiv [Determination of the nature of confounding factors in the study of signatures performed with impaired coordination of movements] : metod. rek. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Honhalo, S. Y. (2020). Hrafolohiia yak perspektyvnyi metod vyrishennia okremykh diahnostychnykh zavdan u sudovo-pocherkoznavchii ekspertyzi [Graphology as a promising method of solving certain diagnostic problems within forensic handwriting examination]. Aktualni pytannia sudovoi ekspertolohii, kryminalistyky ta kryminalnoho protsesu : mat-ly II mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. (Kyiv, 19.11.2020). Kyiv. URL: http://eprints.oa.edu. ua/id/eprint/8444 [in Ukrainian].
Ivakin, E. O. (2002). Teoretychni ta metodychni pytannia neidentyfikatsiinykh doslidzhen v sudovomu pocherkoznavstvi [Theoretical and methodological issues of non-identification research in forensic handwriting researches] : avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Kachurin, S. H., Semenikhin, M. V. (2019). Taktychnyi arsenal slidchoho: systemy taktychnykh pryiomiv oderzhannia eksperymentalnykh zrazkiv pocherku ta pidpysiv [Tactical arsenal of investigator: systems of tactical receptions of receipt of experimental standards of handwriting and signatures]. Aktualni problemy prava: teoriia i praktyka. № 2 (38). DOI: 10.33216/2218-5461-2019-38- 2-112-123 [in Ukrainian].
Karpenko, N. B., Klymenko, N. I. (2017). Shchodo vyznachennia predmeta sudovo-pocherkoznavchoi diahnostyky [Issues of preparation of comparative material in the appointment of forensic handwriting examinations]. Suchasni tendentsii rozvytku kryminalistyky ta kryminalnoho protsesu : mat-ly nauk.-prakt. konf. (Kharkiv, 08.11.2017). Kharkiv. URL: https://univd.edu.ua/general/ publishing/konf/08_11_2017/pdf/40.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Komissarova, N. O. (2003). Kryminalistychne doslidzhennia pidpysiv, vykonanykh v umovakh obmezhenoho zorovoho kontroliu [Forensic research of signatures made in conditions of limited visual control] : avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv. URL: http://www. irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/aref/20081124019217 [in Ukrainian].
Kompleksne pocherkoznavche ta avtoroznavche doslidzhennia rukopysnykh tekstiv [Comprehensive handwriting and copyright research of handwritten texts] (2012) : metod. rek. ; zvit pro NDR (ostat.) / ker. L. V. Svyrydova; vykon.: T. V. Sokhranych, V. H. Abrosymova, N. V. Syrotenko-Katsman. Reiestr. kod 0196U013967. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Kosyhina, N. A. (2022). Problemni pytannia pidhotovky ta oformlennia eksperymentalnykh zrazkiv pocherku (tsyfrovykh zapysiv, pidpysu) dlia provedennia sudovo-pocherkoznavchykh ekspertyz [Problem questions of preparation and registration of experimental standards of handwriting (digital records, signature) for realization judicial handwriting examinations]. Visnyk Odeskoho naukovo-doslidnoho instytutu sudovykh ekspertyz. Vyp. 12. URL: https://ondise.minjust.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ vipusk-122022.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Kovalenko, V. V. (2025). Osoblyvosti pidhotovky materialiv ta pryznachennia sudovoi pocherkoznavchoi ekspertyzy pid chas rozsliduvannia koryslyvykh kryminalnykh pravoporushen [Features of preparation of materials and appointment of forensic handwriting examination during the investigation of profit-driven criminal offenses]. Visnyk Luhanskoho navchalno-naukovoho instytutu imeni E. O. Didorenka. Vyp. 2 (110). DOI: 10.32782/2786-9156.110.2.61-71 [in Ukrainian].
Melenevska, Z. S., Shpakovych, N. H. (2011). Albom zahalnykh i okremykh oznak pocherku [Album of general and individual handwriting features]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Melenevska, Z. S., Shpakovych, N. H. (2015). Otsinochna diialnist eksperta-pocherkoznavtsia [Evaluation activities of a handwriting expert] : navch.-metod. posib. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Melenevska, Z. S., Svoboda, Ye. Yu., Kafanov, A. V. (2010). Sudove pocherkoznavstvo [Forensic handwriting analysis] : kurs lekts. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Melenevska, Z. S., Svoboda, Ye. Yu., Shabotenko, A. I. (2007). Sudovo-pocherkoznavcha ekspertyza [Forensic Handwriting Analysis] : navch.-metod. posib. / za zah. red. I. P. Krasiuka. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Melenevskaia, Z. S. (1974). Teoriia i praktika povtornykh pocherkovedcheskikh ekspertiz [Theory and practice of repeated handwriting examinations]. Kiev [in Russian].
Metodychni osnovy orhanizatsii ta provedennia sudovo-pocherkoznavchoi ekspertyzy u SEU Min’iustu Ukrainy [Methodological basis for the organization and conduct of forensic handwriting examination in the EMS of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine] (2010) : zvit pro NDR (ostat.) / nauk. ker. T. O. Drozdova; vykon.: Yu. H. Lohvina, O. D. Dobrynina, A. O. Kosheliuk, O. A. Poliakova. Reiestr. kod 0107U006371. Odesa [in Ukrainian].
Poliakova, S. V., Pyrih, I. V. (2024). Problemni pytannia pidhotovky materialiv dlia pocherkoznavchoi ekspertyzy [Problematic issues of preparation of materials for handwriting examination]. Aktualni problemy kryminalno-pravovoho, kryminalnoho protsesualnoho ta kryminalistychnoho zabezpechennia protydii zlochynnosti v suchasnykh umovakh : mat-ly Mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. (Dnipro, 20.12.2024). Dnipro. URI: https://er.dduvs.edu. ua/handle/123456789/15814 [in Ukrainian].
Rosiisko-ukrainskyi slovnyk profesiinoi leksyky pocherkoznavtsia [Russian-Ukrainian dictionary of professional vocabulary of handwriting experts] (1996) : zvit NDR (zakliuch.) / ker. H. P. Denysiuk; vykon.: T. V. Sokhranych. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Shevchuk, V. M., Zhuravel, V. A., Shepitko, V. Yu. ta in. (2024). Kryminalistyka [Criminalistics] : pidruchnyk / za red. V. M. Shevchuka. Kharkiv [in Ukrainian].
Shkabaro, V. M., Bila, A. V., Voronin, V. V. (2022). Pravovi aspekty provedennia pocherkoznavchoho doslidzhennia [Legal aspects of conducting of handwriting research]. Visnyk Universytetu imeni Alfreda Nobelia. Seriia «Pravo». № 1(4). DOI: 10.32342/2709- 6408-2022-1-4-5 [in Ukrainian].
Shpakovych, N. H. (2004). Oformlennia vysnovkiv ekspertiv pry provedenni bahatoob’iektnykh pocherkoznavchykh ekspertyz [Preparation of expert opinions during multiobject handwriting examinations] : metod. rek. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Shvedova, O. V., Bielova, L. M., Bilous, I. V. (2017). Mozhlyvosti diahnostychnykh doslidzhen rukopysiv, vykonanykh u nezvychnykh umovakh [Possibilities of the diagnostic researches of manuscripts, executed in unusual terms]. Porivnialno-analitychne pravo. № 5. URL: https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/server/ api/core/bitstreams/7180865f-1688-48d0- 82bd-9a8c50610cce/content [in Ukrainian].
Stvorennia ekspertnoi systemy z diahnostychnoho doslidzhennia pidpysiv z oznakamy porushennia koordynatsii rukhiv yikh vykonavtsiv [Creation of expert system for diagnostic research of signatures with signs of impaired coordination of movements of their performers] (2001) : zvit pro NDR / vykon.: M. Ye. Bondar, T. O. Sukmanova, Yu. M. Beliak ta in. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Terminolohichnyi slovnyk z sudovoi pocherkoznavchoi ekspertyzy [Terminology dictionary from forensic handwriting examination] (2020) : zvit pro NDR (ostat.) / ker. V. S. Kostetskyi; vykon.: I. V. Bilous, I. P. Krasiuk, Ya. R. Poltavska, I. M. Tarasiuk, I. Yu. Riabenko, M. P. Molyboha, O. A. Humenskyi, O. O. Dovhan, N. S. Oliinyk, T. P. Kryvak, N. M. Baiurko. Reiestr. kod 0119U0001896. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Udoskonalennia metodyky pocherkoznavchoho doslidzhennia pidpysiv, vykonanykh osobamy pokhyloho ta starechoho viku [Improvement of the methodology of handwriting research of signatures made by the elderly and senil] (2022) : zvit pro NDR (ostat.) / ker. T. V. Nikolaichuk; vykon.: Yu. V. Solomakha, A. V. Zabuha, V. M. Zdor, D. O. Us., M. Yu. Budziievskyi. Reiestr. kod 0120U102647. Dnipro [in Ukrainian].
Vorobei, O. V., Melenevska, Z. S. (2006). Kryminalistychne doslidzhennia pidpysiv [Forensic examination of signatures] : posibnyk. Kyiv. URI: https://elar.navs.edu.ua/jspui/ handle/123456789/1711 [in Ukrainian].
Vorobiova, N. V. (2017). Pytannia pidhotovky porivnialnoho materialu pry pryznachenni sudovo-pocherkoznavchykh ekspertyz [Issues of preparation of comparative material in the appointment of forensic handwriting examination]. Suchasni tendentsii rozvytku kryminalistyky ta kryminalnoho protsesu : mat-ly nauk.-prakt. konf. (Kharkiv, 08.11.2017). Kharkiv. URL: https://univd.edu.ua/general/ publishing/konf/08_11_2017/pdf/28.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Yusupov, V. V., Svoboda, Ye. Yu., Shramko, O. M. ta in. (2023). Sudovo-pocherkoznavcha ekspertyza u kryminalnykh provadzhenniakh pro koruptsiini pravoporushennia [Forensic handwriting examination in criminal proceedings on corruption offenses] : metod. rek. Kyiv. URL: https://elar.navs.edu.ua/ server/api/core/bitstreams/0faad692- 1b82-4e60-9fe3-62977fda4986/content [in Ukrainian].
Zolota, L. V., Savchenko, I. O. (2022). Problematyka pryznachennia pocherkoznavchoi ekspertyzy v tsyvilnomu sudochynstvi [Problems of appointment of handwritten examination in civil judiciary]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Pravo. Vyp. 70. DOI: 10.24144/2307-3322.2022.70.25 [in Ukrainian].
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Published
2026-04-16
How to Cite
Alieksieichuk, V., Demydova, Y., Barash, L., & Tamosiunaitе R. (2026). Forensic Handwriting Analysis: Typical Mistakes at the Appointment Stage and Ways for Their Prevention. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics, 42(1), 186–202. https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2026.14
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