Forensic Classification of Criminal Offenses Related to Smuggling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2025.07Keywords:
smuggling; forensic classification; criminal offense; crime; types and groups of criminal offenses; forensic methodsAbstract
This article purpose is to develop a forensic classification of criminal offenses related to smuggling based on the most significant forensic signs. Methodological research basis are general scientific and special scientific methods. Separate group of criminal offenses that encroach on social relations in the field of ensuring economic activity is related to smuggling. This type of criminal offenses (despite availability of certain common signs) covers quite diverse types and forms of criminally illegal activity. This primarily concerns specifics of smuggling topic and the methods of committing criminal offenses. As a result of generalization of theoretical approaches to conducting forensic classification of criminal offenses, the need to apply an approach that, while studying legal phenomena, involves simultaneous consideration of both criminal-legal, which are basic and forensically significant, signs is substantiated. The main classification criteria for criminal offenses related to smuggling are: 1) method of implementing the criminal intent of smugglers;
2) topic characteristics of smuggling. According to the method of implementation, the following groups of criminal offenses can be distinguished: 1) those committed with concealment of contraband from customs control (using auxiliary tools and means); 2) those committed outside customs control. According to characteristics of smuggling topic, it is proposed to distinguish criminal offenses related to the illegal movement across the border of objects defined in Articles 201, 201-1, 201-3, 201-4 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
According to possibility of the spread and free circulation of contraband items, criminal offenses under investigation can be divided into two independent groups: 1) criminal offenses whose subject matter is things not removed from free circulation by law; 2) criminal offenses whose subject matter is contraband goods, substances and means restricted or removed from civil circulation by law.
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