Importance of Forensic Expert Activity for Justice Administration in Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2023.04Keywords:
State power, distribution of power, judiciary, legal proceedings, forensic science support to justice, forensic science, forensic expert, forensic expert activity, forensic expert conclusion.Abstract
This article is devoted to importance of forensic expert activity for the protection of the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen, as well as creation of appropriate conditions for the adoption of a legal, justified and fair decision by the court. This research purpose is to provide the “justice” concept with a modern meaningful characteristic as a special type of State activity and an object of forensic science support. For achieving this goal, theoretical foundations of functional distribution of State power were analyzed. Management, specifics and judicial power peculiarities, whose leading task is justice administration were separately studied. Ukrainian legislation on justice implementation is summarized and the subjects related to this type of State activity are identified. Examining magistrate status was traced and his competence was clarified. Available substantive and formal characteristics of “justice” legal category concept are outlined in order to form a circle of subjects which expert support is directed to. Possibilities of forensic science as the most qualified form of using specific expertise in legal proceedings are considered. Procedural provisions regulating the legal status forensic expert and his conclusion as one of the types of evidence are separately highlighted. The most common approaches to defining the concept of “forensic science activity” are analyzed, features and content of this type of State activity are revealed. The concept definition of “forensic science support to justice” is proposed, modern understanding of forensic science activity is formulated, and an up-to-date list of its directions is given.
References
Akademichnyi tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy [Academic explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language] (1976) : v 11 t. ; za red. I. K. Bilodida. Kyiv, 1970—1980. T. 6, 7. URL: http://sum.in.ua/s/pravosuddja [in Ukrainian].
Averianov, V. (2009). Orhanizatsiia vykonavchoi vlady: neobkhidnist usunennia vnutrishnikh superechnostei [Executive power management: the need to eliminate internal contradictions]. Pravo Ukrainy. № 5 [in Ukrainian].
Babenko, K. A. (2008). Konstytutsiini zasady rozvytku i rehuliuvannia polityko-pravovykh vidnosyn v Ukraini [Constitutional principles of development and regulation of political and legal relations in Ukraine]: monohrafiia. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Bryntsev, V. D. (1998). Sudebnaia vlast /pravosudie/: Puti reformirovaniia v Ukraine [Judiciary /justice/: Ways of reform in Ukraine]. Kharkov [in Russian].
Etymolohichnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy [Etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language] (2003) : v 7 t. T. 4 : N—P / red. kol.: O. S. Melnychuk (holov. red.) ta in. ; uklad.: r. V. Boldyriev ta in. Kyiv. URL: http:// history.org.ua/LiberUA/EtSlUkrM_2003/EtSlUkrM_2003.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Holovchenko, L. M. (2013). Pro neobkhidnist vdoskonalennia zakonodavstva pro sudovo-ekspertnu diialnist v Ukraini [On the need to improve legislation on forensic expert activity in Ukraine]. Kriminalistika i sudebnaia ehkspertiza. Vyp. 58. Ch. 1. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/krise_2013_58%281%29__3 [in Ukrainian].
Hrytsenko, I. S., Pohoretskyi, M. A. (2012). Sudova vlada v Ukraini: do vyznachennia poniattia [Judiciary in Ukraine: on the concept definition]. Pravo i suspilstvo. № 2. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Pis_2012_2_8 [in Ukrainian].
Karavanskyi, S. (2000). Praktychnyi slovnyk synonimiv ukrainskoi movy [Practical dictionary of Ukrainian language]. 2-he vyd., dop. y oprats. Kyiv. URL: http://kropivnitsky. maup.com.ua/assets/files/praktichnij_ slovnik_sinonimiv_ukrajinskoji_movi.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Miroshnychenko, S. S. (2012). Zlochyny proty pravosuddia: teoretychni i prykladni problemy zapobihannia ta protydii [Crimes against justice: theoretical and applied isses of prevention and counteraction]: dys. … d-ra yuryd. nauk. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Montesquieu (2013). De l’Esprit des lois. Paris : GF Flammarion. Livre XI. Chap. 6. URL: https://www.les-philosophes.fr/montesquieu/esprit-des-lois/philosophie/Page-6.html.
Murashyn, H. O. (1997). Do pytannia reformuvannia sudovoi vlady [On the issue of judiciary reforming]. Pravova derzhava. Vyp. 7 [in Ukrainian].
Problemy reformuvannia bazovoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy z pytan ekspertnoho zabezpechennia pravosuddia [Problems of reforming the basic legislation of Ukraine on expert support of justice] (2020) : mat-ly kruhl. stolu (Kharkiv, 06—07.02.2020). Kharkiv. URL: https://www.hniise.gov.ua/user_files/File/other/13%20%D0%BF%D0 %BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F%20 %D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Pyrih, I. V. (2011). Teoretychni osnovy ekspertnoi diialnosti orhaniv vnutrishnikh sprav [Theoretical foundations of expert activity of internal affairs bodies]: monohrafiia. Dnipropetrovsk [in Ukrainian].
Rabinovych, P. M. (1999). Derzhavna vlada [State power]/ Yurydychna entsyklopediia : v 6 t. / redkol.: Shemshuchenko Yu. S. (vidp. red.) ta in. Kyiv, 1998—2004. T. 2 : D—I. URL: http://leksika.com.ua/10701026/legal/derzhavna_vlada [in Ukrainian].
Repeshko, P. I. (2013). Shchodo sutnosti sudovo-ekspertnoi diialnosti yak obiekta derzhavnoho rehuliuvannia [Regarding essence of forensic expert activity as an object of State regulation]. Kriminalistika i sudebnaia ehkspertiza. Vyp. 58. Ch. 1. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/krise_2013_58%281%29__8 [in Ukrainian].
Sehai, M. (2003). Sudova ekspertolohiia — nauka pro sudovo-ekspertnu diialnist [Forensic expertology is the science of forensic expert activity]. Visnyk Akademii pravovykh nauk. № 2—3 (33—34) [in Ukrainian].
Selivanov, A. O. (2009). Konstytutsiia. Hromadianyn. Sud. Profesiini ta suspilni pohliady [Constitution. Citizen. Court. Professional and public views]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Serdiuk, V. V. (2006). Sudova vlada ta yii mistse v teorii podilu vlady [Judiciary and its place in the theory of power separation]. Visnyk Akademii advokatury Ukrainy. № 5. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/vaau_2006_5_6 [in Ukrainian].
Shcherbakovskii, M. G. (2005). Sudebnye ehkspertizy: naznachenie, proizvodstvo, ispolzovanie [Forensic examinations: appointment, production, use]: ucheb.-prakt. posob. Kharkov. URL: https:// library.nlu.edu.ua/POLN_TEXT/UP/SHERBAKOVSKIY_2005.pdf [in Russian].
Shemshuchenko, Yu. S. (2004). Yustytsiia [Justice] / Yurydychna entsyklopediia : u 6 t. / redkol.: Shemshuchenko Yu. S. (vidp. red.) ta in. Kyiv, 1998—2004. T. 6 : T—Ia. URL: https://leksika.com.ua/19200421/legal/yustitsiya [in Ukrainian].
Shevchuk, M. (2014). Funktsii sudu v suchasnomu kryminalnomu provadzhenni Ukrainy [Functions of court in modern criminal proceedings in Ukraine]. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Ser.: Yurydychna. Vyp. 59. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ Vlnu_yu_2014_59_53 [in Ukrainian].
Teoriia derzhavy i prava [Theory of State and Law] (2012) : navch. posib. dlia stud. yuryd. spets. zaoch. formy navch. / avt.-uporiad.: V. V. Halunko, O. H. Murashyn, D. H. Sevriukov. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Tymchenko, S. M. (2004). Sudovi ta pravookhoronni orhany Ukrainy [Judiciary and Law Enforcement Bodies of Ukraine]: navch. posib. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Vakulyk, O. O. (2018). Osoblyvosti rodovoho obiekta zlochyniv proty pravosuddia [Generic object specifics of crimes against justice]. Naukovyi visnyk publichnoho ta pryvatnoho prava. Vyp. 6. T. 2 [in Ukrainian].
Velyka ukrainska yurydychna entsyklopediia [Great Ukrainian legal encyclopedia] (2018) : u 20 t. Kharkiv, 2016—2020. T. 20 : Kryminalistyka, sudova ekspertyza, yurydychna psykholohiia / redkol.: V. Yu. Shepitko (holova) ta in. [in Ukrainian].
Velyka ukrainska yurydychna entsyklopediia [Great Ukrainian legal encyclopedia] (2020) : u 20 t. Kharkiv, 2016—2020. T. 19 : Kryminalnyi protses, sudoustrii, prokuratura ta advokatura / redkol.: V. T. Nor (holova) ta in. [in Ukrainian].
Vorontsov, A. V. (2014). Rodovyi obiekt zlochyniv proty pravosuddia: shliakhy udoskonalennia [Generic object of crimes against justice: ways of improvement]. Pivdennoukrainskyi pravovyi chasopys. № 2. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Pupch_2014_2_14 [in Ukrainian].
Zippelius, R. (2017). Allgemeine Staatslehre: Politikwissenschaft : ein Studienbuch. 17.Auflage. München : C. H. BECK.
