The Genesis of Institutes of Scientific and Forensic Examination in Kharkiv, Kyiv and Odesa in 1922—1929: Historical and Legal Aspect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2023.06Keywords:
forensic examination; genesis of forensic examination in Ukraine; office of scientific and forensic examination; institute of scientific and forensic examination, institute of scientific; Kharkiv Institute of Forensic Science, Mykola Bokarius.Abstract
The genesis of forensic examination in Ukraine on the eve of the First World War and its further institutionalization in the 1920s are considered. The prerequisites for the establishment of scientific forensic examination offices in Kyiv, Odesa, and Kharkiv at the initiative of, in particular, the legendary forensic physician and forensic scientist Mykola Bokarius are studied. The normative legal acts on the organization and conduct of forensic work, the legal status of the institutes of scientific and forensic examination of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the Ukrainian SSR, their tasks, structure, and formation procedure were analyzed. The determining role in the genesis of forensic examination in Ukraine in the 1920s of domestic forensic scientists M. Bokarius, M. Makarenko, S. Potapov, V. Favorskyi and others, who not only laid the foundations of various types of forensic examination to meet the needs of courts, is substantiated and pre-trial investigation bodies but also formed the scientific-methodological and methodical foundations of forensic expert activity in Ukraine. It has been proven that already in the 1920s, domestic schools of forensic examination were formed in Ukraine (in particular, the Kharkiv school of M. Bokarius); a community of highly professional forensic experts was formed and a high-quality system of their training was developed; new types of forensic examinations were introduced and the methods of their conduct were scientifically substantiated; the publication of fundamental scientific works on the issues of forensic examination and criminology is organized; In Kharkiv, a specialized and authoritative journal “Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences” was launched. The research uses general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, analogy, systematization and generalization.
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