Counteraction to Investigation and Abuse of Procedural Rights: Forensic Correlation and Limits of Conceptual Delimitation
Abstract
Annotation: This article purpose is to determine, based on a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the abuse of procedural rights by participants in criminal proceedings, the correlation of this phenomenon with opposition to the investigation and to clarify its place in the system of forensic science. Methodological research basis is a complex of general scientific, special and philosophical methods (dialectical, system-structural, functional-activity, comparative-legal, modeling, analysis and synthesis). It is generalized that opposition to the investigation is a complex, multi-factorial and poly-structural phenomenon that encompasses both procedural and extra-procedural forms of influence on the course of criminal proceedings. Its implementation is based on the use of tactical, psychological, organizational and sometimes corrupt means aimed at complicating the clarification of the truth, preventing collection of evidence or influencing the participants in the proceedings. Abuse of procedural rights is an internal, procedurally formalized type of counteraction, characterized by the deliberate use of formally permitted instruments contrary to their functional purpose. It is substantiated that the relationship between the concepts is of the nature of “part - whole”: each abuse is a form of counteraction, however, counteraction is not limited to procedural behavior and may go beyond the limits of criminal procedural regulation. It is proven that forensic science has grounds for including the category of “abuse of procedural rights” in the system of forensic science doctrine of counteraction to the investigation, since this phenomenon has its own mechanism, regularities of detection and is subject to tactical overcoming. Its study creates conditions for the formation of effective procedural and forensic measures to neutralize the manipulative activities of the participants in the proceedings. It is concluded that the integration of theoretical and applied aspects of the analysis of abuses within the framework of the forensic concept of counteraction makes it possible to create a holistic model of counteractive behavior, clarify the boundaries of procedural integrity, identify typical mechanisms of destructive influence on evidentiary information, and develop substantiated tactical recommendations for investigators, prosecutors and the court.
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